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    Large-Scale Migrations of the Painted Lady Butterfly, Vanessa cardui (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), in Inyo County, California, during 1991

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    Subject
    Migrations; Painted Lady Butterfly; Vanessa cardui; Inyo County; 1991; California
    Author
    Giuliani, Derham; Shields, Oakley
    Journal Title
    Scas: Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences
    Volume
    94
    Issue
    scas/vol94/iss2; 2
    Metadata
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    URI
    https://scholar.oxy.edu/handle/20.500.12711/9601
    Abstract
    Detailed observations on significantly large migrations of Vanessa car- <br /><br />dui during 1991 in Inyo County, California, are presented, with special emphasis <br /><br />on their complex behavioral activities. The build up and mass exodus at a pop- <br /><br />ulation center near Bishop are chronicled and provide insights into why some <br /><br />butterflies migrate. A directional shift from northward to southward migration <br /><br />occurred during the summer. The migration phenomenon in this species appears <br /><br />to be dependent upon larval stress subsequently influencing adult juvenile hor- <br /><br />mone levels. This behavior likely evolved during the Upper Miocene as an ad- <br /><br />aptation to avoid seasonally unfavorable arid conditions.
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